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Suatu malam di kota kecil yang jauh dari hiruk pikuk, Rafi, seorang mahasiswa filsafat, menatap langit dari atap kosnya. Ia baru saja selesai membaca buku tebal berjudul “The God Delusion.” Buku itu membuatnya berpikir keras: mungkinkah semua yang ia yakini selama ini hanya ilusi?
“Jika alam semesta ini berjalan otomatis tanpa campur tangan siapa pun, lalu mengapa aku merasa ada makna di balik segalanya?” gumamnya lirih.
Keesokan harinya, Rafi menemui Pak Arman, dosennya yang dikenal bijak dan berwawasan luas.
“Pak,” katanya, “saya sedang berpikir… mungkin Tuhan itu hanya konsep yang dibuat manusia karena ketakutan terhadap kematian.”
Pak Arman menatapnya dengan senyum tenang.
“Pertanyaan yang bagus, Rafi. Tapi katakan padaku, apakah ketakutan melahirkan keteraturan?”
Rafi terdiam. “Maksud Bapak?”
“Lihatlah tubuhmu,” lanjut Pak Arman. “Jantungmu berdetak tanpa kamu perintah. Udara masuk dan keluar dengan ritme yang sempurna. Alam memiliki hukum yang konsisten—matematika, gravitasi, simetri—semuanya berbicara tentang akal dan maksud, bukan kebetulan. Jika semua hanya hasil acak, mengapa hasilnya begitu teratur?”
Rafi mencoba membantah, “Tapi, bukankah semua itu bisa dijelaskan oleh sains?”
Pak Arman tersenyum lagi.
“Betul. Tapi sains menjelaskan bagaimana, bukan mengapa. Sains bisa menjelaskan bagaimana bunga mekar, tapi tidak bisa menjelaskan mengapa keindahan itu menyentuh hatimu. Di titik itu, akal bertemu makna. Dan makna selalu menuntun pada asalnya.”
Beberapa minggu kemudian, Rafi mengikuti program pengabdian di desa terpencil. Di sana, ia bertemu Ibu Siti, seorang wanita tua yang setiap pagi memberi makan anak-anak yatim dengan senyum ikhlas, meski hidupnya serba kekurangan.
Rafi bertanya, “Ibu, kenapa Ibu masih berbuat baik padahal hidup Ibu sendiri sulit?”
Ibu Siti menjawab pelan, “Nak, karena aku yakin Allah tidak melihat hasil, tapi niat. Hidup ini singkat, tapi kebaikan itu kekal.”
Malam itu, di bawah cahaya lampu minyak yang redup, Rafi kembali menatap langit.
Ia teringat ucapan dosennya: “Agnostisisme sering lahir bukan karena kurang bukti, tapi karena hati belum bersih dari kabut keraguan.”
Rafi akhirnya menulis di jurnalnya:
“Ateisme menganggap alam tanpa makna, agnostik ragu karena takut salah. Tapi keduanya berhenti mencari setelah menemukan tanda-tanda. Padahal kebenaran sejati bukan dihindari, tapi didekati dengan rendah hati.”
Dan untuk pertama kalinya setelah lama, Rafi menunduk… bukan karena kebingungan, tetapi karena kesadaran.
1. Definition of Ecolinguistics
Ecolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field that explores the relationship between language, ecology, and society. It studies how language shapes, reflects, and influences human interactions with the natural environment. Originating in the 1990s from the ecological turn in linguistics, ecolinguistics seeks to understand how discourses either support or undermine ecological sustainability.
According to Arran Stibbe (2015, 2021), ecolinguistics examines the stories we live by—the deep narratives, metaphors, and ideologies embedded in language that affect how people perceive and act toward the environment. It is both analytical (describing linguistic patterns) and ethical (evaluating whether these patterns contribute to ecological wellbeing).
Ecolinguistics integrates linguistic analysis with ecological and cultural awareness. Its focus and scope can be described through several dimensions:
| Focus Area | Description |
|---|---|
| Ecological Discourse Analysis | Investigates how texts construct relationships between humans, other species, and the environment. |
| Critical Ecolinguistics | Evaluates whether language promotes ecological harmony or ecological destruction, often guided by Stibbe’s (2021) framework. |
| Cultural Ecology of Language | Explores how linguistic expressions embody ecological wisdom and cultural values (e.g., in indigenous or local traditions). |
| Deictic and Semiotic Perspectives | Examines spatial, temporal, and personal deixis in representing ecological relationships. |
| Language and Identity | Studies how ecological identity and belonging are linguistically constructed (drawing on Kramsch’s view of language as symbolic of culture). |
Thus, the scope of ecolinguistics extends from media discourse, policy texts, and advertisements to works of art and literature, which function as powerful reflections of ecological ideology.
Example: William Wordsworth’s “Lines Written in Early Spring”
Analysis: Through transitivity and appraisal analysis, the poem’s language reveals harmony between human and nature but also laments human alienation. The ecolinguistic reading exposes the contrast between anthropocentric and ecocentric worldviews.
Example: Ken Liu’s “The Paper Menagerie”
Analysis: The story’s use of metaphor and symbolism shows the loss of connection between human culture and natural materials (paper animals as living ecology). Ecolinguistics uncovers how modernity and linguistic assimilation destroy ecological empathy and identity.
Example: George Orwell’s Animal Farm (Ecolinguistic Deixis Analysis)
Analysis: Spatial deixis like “in the farmhouse” and “on the farm” represent ideological control and ecological disconnection. Temporal deixis such as “from that day onwards” marks the manipulation of natural cycles. Language thus constructs ecological alienation and loss of communal harmony.
Example: Henrik Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People
Analysis: Through dialogue and conflict, ecolinguistic analysis reveals how discourse of economic progress suppresses environmental truth. The play becomes a critique of industrial discourse that prioritizes profit over ecological health.
| Aspect | Theoretical Contribution |
|---|---|
| Critical Framework | Provides a normative dimension to linguistics—evaluating language ethically in relation to environmental sustainability. |
| Integration of Disciplines | Bridges linguistics, ecology, philosophy, and cultural studies, enriching both environmental humanities and language studies. |
| New Analytical Tools | Introduces frameworks like Stibbe’s Story Types (destructive vs. beneficial stories) and Ecosophy (a guiding ecological philosophy). |
| Reconceptualizing Language | Redefines language as an ecological system—a living part of the environment, not merely a social construct. |
| Empowerment for Change | Encourages eco-awareness and activism through critical reading and writing, making literature a site for ecological transformation. |
In short, ecolinguistics studies how language constructs ecological relationships, offering a critical perspective on how texts shape environmental understanding. Applied to art and literature, it helps uncover underlying ecological ideologies—whether they promote care, alienation, or destruction of the natural world—while contributing theoretically to the ethical and ecological expansion of linguistic inquiry.