THE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF CODE MIXING IN FACEBOOK

 

“THE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF CODE MIXING IN FACEBOOK” Written by Debby “Akatsuki” Mediyanthi (STAIN Salatiga, Central Java)

In this chapter, the researcher going to present the result of research of code mixing; after identifying the Indonesian – English code mixing used in social networking Facebook.

Further, the researcher scrutinizes data. She only chooses the data which belong to Indonesian – English code mixing. Before analyzing the data, it is necessary to reaffirm that not all the data will be analyzed. The data which will be taken into account are those frequently used in social networking Facebook, and the data presented bellow are arranged according to kinds of their classification.

Forms of Code Mixing

As having been mentioned above, Suwito divides kinds of code mixing into six classifications; they are the insertion of word, phrases, clauses, reduplications, hybrids and idiom. The data classified as code mixing are written bold.

1. The Insertion of Words

One of code mixing comes into being by inserting English Words into Indonesian utterances. Sometimes it happens when Indonesian utterances contain different words from the other language especially English. Then, the insertion of word can be classified into eight groups; they are; the insertion of noun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, exclamation, and preposition.

a.    Noun                                                                                                                  

In this study, the writer finds out a lot of English nouns inserted in the broadcasters utterances. The pronunciation of the nouns is the same as English pronunciation. The uttered noun are both the abstract and the concrete ones. The abstract nouns inserted are as follows:

Emang udah hobby mo gimana lagi (1)

buat someone yang ngerasa udah gue kecewain (2)

Kalo udah punya image  jelek memang susah ...(3)

Babe, maafin aku yaahh (4)

Pengen nonton film  baru yang bagus apa ya (5)

Waow habis dapet discount gedhe-gedhean (6)

Pengen fitness nieh say (7)

Kasih tips  ngilangin kebiasaan malez dunk (8)

Thanks buat someone yang udah ngasih hadiah tadi (9)

Hemmbb enaknyo habis pedicure (10)

Delay satu hari (11)

Akankah Team Thomas pulang lebih awal. Haduh (12)

Based on the classification of the data, the researcher finds out the forms of abstract nouns as Okay, Point, Stress, Tips, Fitness, Thanks, Image, Rock, Pop, Hobby, Delay, Discount, Off, Menicure, Fans, Pedicure, Break and Screaming. Meanwhile, the concrete nouns are as someone, fans, film, band, babe, stock, hero, voucher, telephone, group, miss, games, and personal.

b.  Adjective

Although Indonesian language has many adjective, the user Facebook tend to use English adjectives as well as reflected in the following examples:

Butuh ide yang fresh  nihhhh buat ngerjain tugas..(13)

Woowww bisa nyaksiin Suju live selama 2 jam penuh…(14)

Gak puas..kurang expressive (15)

Pertunjukannya indoor kok (16)

Hai, gimana kabar? Online pakai apa? (17)                   

In this study, the adjectives inserted are sorry, special, refreshing, fresh, on, live, online, smart, cool, expressive, and indoor.

 c. Verb

Here are several verbs inserted into sentences by the FB users :

Sapa sih nih ngajakin chating mulu dari kemaren? (18)

Beraninya misscalled doank..huhuuu (19)

Ketemuan yuk say..pengen sharing nie (21)

The english verbs cover V-ing (chating,sharing) and V-3 (misscalled).

d.Conjunction

Conjunction is one of parts of speech which have function to connect one element to the other in a sentence construction. How they English conjunction is shown in the following examples :

So, gue harus peduli??(22)

Hemmbb enaknyo habis pedicure and manicure. (23)

e.Pronoun

There are many kinds of pronouns in Indonesia, but the FB users use English pronouns in their status, chatting or video call. Below are the sentences containing English pronouns:

Whatever loe mau ngapain..bukan urusan gue lagi!! (24)

Saya fikir everybody punya pandangan yang…(25)              

f. Preposition

Preposition is a word that is often placed before a noun or pronoun to show place, direction etc. The FB users use English preposition in order to make her speeches more interesting and have more variation. Here is only one example that the researcher finds out:

Lupakan sejenak semua kepenatan with vicka SSIII anag cemmutt, Lina nagh bapagke, dan Litta sii pipi embemb.(26).

 

 

2.    The Insertion of Phrases

Dealing with the theory that the researcher has mentioned in previous chapter it is divided that phrase is a group of two or more related to words which are dependent upon others. Basically, phrase can divided into five, they are: noun phrase, adjective phrase, verbal phrase (participial phrase, gerund phrase, and infinitive phrase), adverbial phrase, and prepositional phrase. In this research the researcher only finds three types of phrases, they are: noun phrase, adverbial phrase, and prepositional phrase. Each type along with is examples will be elaborated in the following discussion:

a. Noun Phrase

Noun phrase is used in a sentence as subject or an object. This noun phrase is found in many forms. The examples of noun phrase insertions are:

Pengen yang something different dari yang laen (27)

Eh tau gak kenapa Dion dijuluki King of Glasses? (28)

Abis ketemu my soulmate senengnya (29)

The component of noun phrase consist of:

1. Pronoun (modifier) + Noun (Head)

Examples: My darling, my soulmate, my boy

2. Determiner (modifier) + Noun (Head)

Example: The gang

3. Noun (Head) + Adjective (Modifier)

Example: Something different

4.Adjective (modifier) + Noun phrase (Head)

Example: All my friends

5. Noun (Head) + Prepositional phrase (modifier)

Examples : King of  Glasses, story behind the song, thanks for listening

b. Adverbial Phrase

Adverbial phrase is a phrase, which is used to modify a verb, and adjective or adverb. The following is the example of adverbial phrase insertion:

Still with me ya mi, janji ya kita akan selalu bersama (30)

The component of adverbial phrase is :

Adverb (Head) + prepositional phrase (modifier)

Example: Still with me

c. Prepositional Phrase

Prepositional phrase is a group of related words opened by a preposition and ended by noun or pronoun object. The following is the example that writer finds in the research field:

Ya, in five, six, seven, and ten (31)

The component of prepositional phrase is:

Preposition (Head) + Noun phrase (modifier)

Example : In five, six, seven, and ten

3.    The Insertion of Hybrids

Hybrids are another type of Indonesian – English code mixing that occurs in this research. Hornby states that Hybrid is the composed parts of words. Hybrid can be classified into two types; they are hybrid of affixation and hybrid of phrase.

 a.       Hybrid of Affixation

This type is formed from two components; they are Indonesian affixes and English word. This kind of hybrid must contain English and Indonesian elements in order to form transformational word. Next the researcher classifies the affixation into three: Indonesian prefixes English, English word + Indonesian suffixes, and Indonesian prefixes + English word + non-standard Indonesian suffixes. For example:

1)      Indonesian prefixes + English word

2)      English word + Indonesian suffixes

3)      Indonesian prefixes + English word + Sundanese / Betawi suffixes

Indonesian prefixes cover nge-, me-, meng-, and di-. While Indonesian suffixes include –nya, and an. Then, the non standard suffix is as-in. The construction below shows the elaboration of affixation prosess. Examples :

Denger lagunya lagunya LMFAO jadi pengen nge-dance suffle (32)

Penyanyinya tadi nge-rock abisss..cadasss (33)

Hobi kok me-misscalled orang...(34)

Haduwwhh ibu-ibu sedang meng-gossip di depan rumah.. nguping ahh.. hahaaay (35)

Siapa yang akan menghandle pekerjaan ayahku??

Duhh yang abis di-transfer...traktir dunk...(36)

Yang itu udah di-request woiii...(37)

For more detailed look at the fields below:

Table  4.1. Hybrid of Affixation Indonesian prefixes with English Word

Prefix +	Word            +	Hybrid
Nge-	Dance	Ngedance
Nge-	Rock	Ngerock
Me-	Misscalled	Memisscalled
MeN-	Gossip	Menggossip
Meng-	Handle	Menghandle
Di-	Transfer	Ditransfer
Di-	Request	Direquest

 From the above analysis above, the researcher finds that Indonesian prefixes : Nge-, Me-, Meng-, and  Di-, can be blended into English words, especially the prefixes : nge- in nge-dance and nge-in nge-rock, meng- in menggossip, and di- in di-off. The prefixes change the English noun dance into hybrid verb nge-dance,meng-gossip and di-off. While the four other types, me-misscalled, meng-handle, di-transfer, and di-request have same class as the original form that is verb.

Example of Hybrid Affixation English word with Indonesian Suffixes:

Makasih ya buat telephone-nya... udah sedikit ngobatin kangen..  (38)

Lembar exercise-nya jangan sampai hilang hlo!(39)

Ntar ada session-nya sendiri kok.(40)

Woyy copy-an gwe dimana wooyy???(41)  

Personnel-nya suju tinggal 10 ya...(42)

See more detail of the example on this table:

Table 4.2. Hybrid of Affixation English Word with Indonesian Suffixes

Word+	Suffix  +	Hybrid
Telephone	-nya	Telephonenya
Exercise	-nya	Exercisenya
Session	-nya	Sessionnya
Copy	-an	Copyan
Personnel	-nya	Personnelnya

 

The analysis above shows that the combination between English words with Indonesian suffixes does not change the class of word. For instance, the English word telephone and the hybrid telephone-nya have similar class that is noun. So, in here the use of Indonesian suffixes. Example –nya, and –an function as possesive adjective in the English word.

 

 

b. Hybrid of Phrase

Hybrid of phrase is a phrase which contains English and Indonesian words. Both the two words can function as head (H) or modifier (M) or the phrase. Usually, this kind of hybrid still uses Indonesian grammatical rule.

Sorry banget  ya sudah ngerepotin kamu (44)

Thanks banget yang udah ngucapin met…(45)

Seneng dikasih edisi live sama si dia (46)                              

Lihat album reuni tahun lalu jadi pengen lagi..(47)

In order to make the analysis clearer, the researcher classifies the hybrid of phrase as the following :

a)      English word as the head of phrase

Table 4.4. Hybrid of Phrase (English (H)-Indonesian (M)

Thanks (H)	Banget (M)
Ready (H)	Banget (M)
Album (H)	Reuni (M)
Sorry (H)	Banget (M)

b)      Indonesian word as the head of phrase

Edisi    (H)

Live (M)

4.    The Insertion of Clauses

The writer divided kinds of clause used by the FB users into two types, they are : Independent clauses, and Dependent clause.

1)      Independent Clause

Example : I just want to say I miss you...bener-bener pengen ketemu kamu.(51)

2)      Dependent Clause

Example : Heyyy where are you going?? Tadi aku panggil-panggil gak denger?! (52)