SFL APPRAISAL AND IDEOLOGY REALIZATION

 Ideology of MP Tom Tugendhat in His Political Speech: Appraisal Critical Discourse Analysis
Meutia Pelangi Naghia, Setyo Prasiyanto Cahyono

Abstract
This study describes the ideology represented by MP Tom Tugendhat in his political speech about Afghanistan. The speech transcript was obtained from the online newspaper called Spectator. Meanwhile, this study employs purposive sampling data with descriptive qualitative as the model of the research. In analyzing the data, the researchers use systemic functional linguistics, specifically the Appraisal theory proposed by Martin and White (2005) to classify and describe the speaker's ideology in his speech. However, this study focuses mainly on the attitude appraisal including affect, judgment, and appreciation as well as its gradability of attitudinal meanings. The result shows that types of attitude appraisal mostly produced by the speaker is affect, judgment, and appreciation simultaneously. While, the realization of the ideology can be seen through his emotion which is reflected by his affect toward Afghanistan. In addition, the use of appreciation and judgment also influence his ideology since he considers that some events occurred in Afghanistan.

A Corpus-Based Study of Ideological Manipulation from Appraisal Theory in Hong Kong Political Interpreting Discourse
Lei Sha
Binzhou University, Binzhou, China

Email: lei.sha@connect.polyu.hk
[Abstract] It is noticeable that there are three principles in evaluating interpreting quality: interpreters’ professional skills, real-time epistemic competences and interpreting norms. This study focuses on manipulative strategies from appraisal theory developed by Jeremy Munday as a major target in the political
translation task and explores how governmental statements and reports are interpreted bilingually in Hong Kong. There is a chosen interpreting corpus of 10 transcribed HKSAR policy addresses delivered by two Hong Kong chief executives from 2007 to 2016, indicating the norms of source and target texts. High frequency keywords were selected, identified and analyzed within the corpus. The framework of ideological manipulation was used to describe the interpreting tasks and to exhibit the process where ideology is often taken for granted. This research aims to find that there are lexical preferences by interpreters in the speech full of political, social and ideological issues. The study also employs empirical approaches in both qualitative and quantitative approaches

Identifying interpersonal stance in threatening discourse: An appraisal analysis
Tammy GalesView all authors and affiliations
Volume 13, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445610387735
Abstract
Ideologies about threatening language from scholarly and practitioner communities of practice reflect a genre replete with stances of violence and threatener control, wherein authorial intent is more strongly attributed to threats possessing characteristics that strengthen a threatener’s role in or commitment to the act (e.g. commitment modals, certainty adverbs) (Gales, 2010). Using the resources of Appraisal analysis (Martin and White, 2005), this article examines the ways in which interpersonal stances, or a speaker or writer’s commitment to or attitudes about a person or proposition (Biber et al., 1999), are manifested and function in a realized threat of violence. The analysis reveals that threateners use myriad rhetorical strategies to convey interpersonal meaning (Martin and Rose, 2003) and take stances that both strengthen and weaken their apparent level of commitment, thus contradicting the one-sidedness of threatening language ideologies and demonstrating the need for further research on stancetaking in threatening discourse.

Attitude System Realization of News Texts in Light of Appraisal Theory

Mitra Mirzaaghabeyk
School of Foreign Languages, Central China Normal University(CCNU), Wuhan, China
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-3584
Abstract

Introduction: Journalistic texts, as a common source of knowledge, are meant to be realistic and emotionless. However, the ideologies and emotions of journalists can be traced while representing the same event in various ways using different media. Accordingly, the present study aimed to clarify the evaluative realizations of the news texts using the Appraisal Model. The present study also scrutinized the occurrence of the appraisal sub-categories throughout the text using the sentence as a unit of analysis.

Methodology: Having employed Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and drawing on Appraisal Theory proposed by Martin and White (2005), this article examined three semantic regions of meaning, namely affect, judgment, and appreciation.

Results: By analyzing aspects of clause grammar relevant to the three dimensions of meanings, the article marked “judgment” as the highest frequent sub-system in the delivered speech, followed by the other two sub-systems of “affect” and “appreciation”. Moreover, results obtained from the analysis of the mentioned aspects corroborated the ideological orientations acting upon the speakers.

Conclusion: The interpretations of the delivered speech in this article construed the appraisal system as the path to achieving the interpersonal function of language in light of SFL.


The Inclusion of Ideology in Jokowi’s Speech Viewed from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory

https://doi.org/10.15294/eej.v9i4.31920
Vol 9 No 4 (2019): December 2019

Gisty Listiani
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Indonesia
Dwi Rukmini
Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Abstract
Ideology is a belief towards a particular idea which is commonsensical as it is required by the society as the answer of particular issues. In common practices, ideology might become considerable since it is realised through the use of words that are meaningful and powerful. One language feature that can be used to convey ideology is appraisal resources. This research aimed to describe the inclusion of ideology viewed from the perspective of appraisal theory. It employed descriptive qualitative approach. The object of the study is a speech text performed by Jokowi in the World Economic Forum of Asean 2018. The results of the study depicted that there were seven ideology strategies that had been implemented viewed from the attitude appraisal analysis. The seven ideologies were implication, consensus, hyperbole, pre-supposition, national self glorification, lexicalization, and irony. Besides, the inclusion of the ideology in Jokowi’s speech viewed from the perspective of engagement appraisal pointed out that the speaker implemented six ideology strategies. They are implication, evidentially, pre-supposition, national self glorification, hyperbole, vagueness, and consensus. In addition, the inclusion of ideology in Jokowi’s speech viewed from the perspective of graduation appraisal conveyed that there were four ideologies applied in the speech, they were implication, hyperbole, national self glorification, and number game. By taking account of the results, this study is expected to escalate the quality of English teaching and learning dealing with words understanding beyond the meaning.

Ideology and Power in Political News Text: Appraisal in Critical Discourse Analysis
Setyo Prasiyanto Cahyono(1), Galuh Kirana Dwi Areni(2), Sumarlam Sumarlam(3),

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/lc.v15i2.28896
(1) Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
(2) Universitas Negeri Semarang
(3) Universitas Sebelas Maret
Abstract

This study attempts to reveal the ideology and power expressed in the news text entitled “The burning scar: Inside the destruction of Asia’s last rainforestâ€. The data of this study were obtained from one of the most famous online Newspapers namely BBC. Whilst, in doing the critical analysis, systemic functional linguistics specifically the use of appraisal proposed by Martin and White (2005) was applied to find out the ideology as well as the power of the text. The findings show that there are three appraisal items found such as attitude, engagement, and graduation simultaneously. Affect is the most dominant appraisal found in the text. It represents the feelings of the people who live in Papua where their land has been destroyed by the world's largest exporter of palm oil from South Korea. Besides, they also criticize the Indonesian government which sold their land to the company without any notice to the tribe who live there. Then, engagement represents the tribe’s voices where they have to move from their land. The last is graduation which represents the tribe’s experience when they were kicked out from their land. Meanwhile, the ideology of the text is represented by the use of attitude consisting of affect, appreciation, and judgment. Furthermore, the power deals with the tribe’s tenor such as contact, status dan affect.Â
Keywords
appraisal, ideology, political news, power, tribe

### Summary and Analysis of Papers on SFL Appraisal and Ideology Realization in News Reportage

#### 1. **Ideology of MP Tom Tugendhat in His Political Speech: Appraisal Critical Discourse Analysis**

- **Authors**: Meutia Pelangi Naghia, Setyo Prasiyanto Cahyono

- **Abstract**: This study analyzes the ideology represented by MP Tom Tugendhat in his speech about Afghanistan using Appraisal theory. The speech's affect, judgment, and appreciation categories reveal the speaker's emotions and ideological stance.

- **Strengths**:

  - Comprehensive use of Appraisal theory to uncover ideological underpinnings.

  - Detailed qualitative analysis of the speech, highlighting how language conveys ideology.

- **Weaknesses**:

  - Limited to a single speech, which might not provide a broad view of the speaker's overall ideological stance.

  - Purposive sampling may introduce bias, reducing generalizability.

#### 2. **A Corpus-Based Study of Ideological Manipulation from Appraisal Theory in Hong Kong Political Interpreting Discourse**

- **Author**: Lei Sha

- **Abstract**: This study examines how interpreters' lexical choices in bilingual interpretations of HKSAR policy addresses manipulate ideology. It uses a corpus of 10 transcribed addresses, focusing on high-frequency keywords.

- **Strengths**:

  - Utilizes both qualitative and quantitative approaches, providing a robust analysis.

  - Extensive corpus study offers comprehensive insights into interpreting practices over time.

- **Weaknesses**:

  - The focus on high-frequency keywords might overlook less frequent but significant lexical choices.

  - Potential bias in corpus selection, focusing on a specific political context and time frame.

#### 3. **Identifying Interpersonal Stance in Threatening Discourse: An Appraisal Analysis**

- **Author**: Tammy Gales

- **Abstract**: This article analyzes how interpersonal stances in threatening language reflect ideologies of violence and control. It examines the rhetorical strategies used to convey commitment and intent.

- **Strengths**:

  - Explores an under-researched area of threatening language using Appraisal analysis.

  - Provides new insights into how threateners' language can both strengthen and weaken perceived commitment.

- **Weaknesses**:

  - Focus on threatening language may limit applicability to broader discourse analysis.

  - The study's findings might be context-specific, reducing generalizability to other types of discourse.

#### 4. **Attitude System Realization of News Texts in Light of Appraisal Theory**

- **Author**: Mitra Mirzaaghabeyk

- **Abstract**: This study clarifies how evaluative language in news texts reveals journalists' ideologies and emotions. It employs Appraisal theory to analyze the affect, judgment, and appreciation in news texts.

- **Strengths**:

  - Highlights the often-overlooked emotional and ideological dimensions of news texts.

  - Methodologically rigorous with detailed sentence-level analysis.

- **Weaknesses**:

  - Limited to specific news texts, which might not represent broader media practices.

  - The study may benefit from a more diverse range of news sources to improve generalizability.

#### 5. **The Inclusion of Ideology in Jokowi's Speech Viewed from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory**

- **Authors**: Gisty Listiani, Dwi Rukmini, Widhiyanto Widhiyanto

- **Abstract**: This research describes ideological strategies in Jokowi's speech at the World Economic Forum using Appraisal theory. It identifies various strategies, including implication, hyperbole, and national self-glorification.

- **Strengths**:

  - Offers a detailed examination of ideological strategies using multiple appraisal perspectives.

  - Enhances understanding of how political speeches convey ideology.

- **Weaknesses**:

  - Focuses on a single speech, which might not capture the speaker's broader ideological tendencies.

  - Descriptive qualitative approach might lack empirical rigor compared to mixed methods.

#### 6. **Ideology and Power in Political News Text: Appraisal in Critical Discourse Analysis**

- **Authors**: Setyo Prasiyanto Cahyono, Galuh Kirana Dwi Areni, Sumarlam Sumarlam

- **Abstract**: This study analyzes ideology and power in a BBC news text about the destruction of a rainforest in Asia. It uses Appraisal theory to identify attitudes, engagement, and graduation, revealing ideological biases.

- **Strengths**:

  - Addresses both ideological and power dynamics in news reporting.

  - Comprehensive use of Appraisal theory to uncover multiple dimensions of meaning.

- **Weaknesses**:

  - Focus on a single news text might limit the study's applicability to other contexts.

  - The ideological bias of the news source itself could influence the findings.

Overall, these studies provide valuable insights into how Appraisal theory can reveal hidden ideologies in various types of discourse, though each has its limitations regarding scope, context, and methodology.