Ideology of MP Tom Tugendhat in His Political Speech: Appraisal Critical Discourse Analysis
Meutia Pelangi Naghia, Setyo Prasiyanto Cahyono
Abstract
This study describes the ideology represented by MP Tom Tugendhat in his political speech about Afghanistan. The speech transcript was obtained from the online newspaper called Spectator. Meanwhile, this study employs purposive sampling data with descriptive qualitative as the model of the research. In analyzing the data, the researchers use systemic functional linguistics, specifically the Appraisal theory proposed by Martin and White (2005) to classify and describe the speaker's ideology in his speech. However, this study focuses mainly on the attitude appraisal including affect, judgment, and appreciation as well as its gradability of attitudinal meanings. The result shows that types of attitude appraisal mostly produced by the speaker is affect, judgment, and appreciation simultaneously. While, the realization of the ideology can be seen through his emotion which is reflected by his affect toward Afghanistan. In addition, the use of appreciation and judgment also influence his ideology since he considers that some events occurred in Afghanistan.
A Corpus-Based Study of Ideological Manipulation from Appraisal Theory in Hong Kong Political Interpreting Discourse
Lei Sha
Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
SFL APPRAISAL AND IDEOLOGY REALIZATION
Empat kategori metafora menurut Ullmann
Menurut Ullmann (1972), metafora didasarkan pada kesamaan antara dua hal atau konsep: benda yang kita bicarakan dan benda yang kita bandingkan. Yang pertama disebut tenor dan yang kedua disebut vehicle. Metafora berkembang sebagai akibat dari beberapa hal. Menurut Ullmann, aspek-aspek tersebut disebabkan oleh motivasi tertentu, dorongan emosional tertentu (pada ekspresi emosi yang intens), kebutuhan untuk mengatasi kekurangan kosa kata, kebutuhan untuk mengkonkretkan sesuatu yang abstrak, dan sebagainya.
Ada empat kategori metafora menurut Ullmann (1977):
1. **Metafora Antropomorfik (Anthropomorphic Metaphor)**: Metafora yang mengacu pada benda mati yang diambil dari transfer nama-nama bagian tubuh manusia, baik indera maupun perasaan atau sebaliknya. Contoh: mulut sungai, paru-paru kota, punggung bukit[5].
2. **Metafora Kehewanan (Animal Metaphor)**: Metafora yang bersumber pada dunia binatang. Contoh: lidah buaya, kumis kucing, jambu monyet, kuping gajah, cocor bebek, dan sebagainya[5].
3. **Metafora Sinestetik (Synesthetic Metaphor)**: Metafora yang diciptakan berdasarkan pengalihan tanggapan, yaitu pengalihan dari tanggapan berdasarkan satu indera ke indera yang lain. Contoh: bicaranya manis (dari indera pendengaran/telinga ke indera pengecap/lidah), warnanya keras (dari indera penglihatan/mata ke indera perasa/kulit)[5].
4. **Metafora Konkrit ke Abstrak**: Metafora yang mengkonkretkan sesuatu yang abstrak. Contoh: metafora yang menggambarkan emosi atau konsep abstrak dengan menggunakan objek atau fenomena konkret[5].
Citations:
[1] https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/harmonia/article/download/49/46
[2] https://spada.uns.ac.id/mod/resource/view.php?id=21909
[3] https://pbsi-upr.id/index.php/atmosfer/article/download/146/112
[4] https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/Bahastra/article/view/3162